MIND CONTROLLED WHEELCHAIR

by Amal Anto · Published January 19, 2021 · Updated January 19, 2021

ABSTRACT

MIND CONTROLLED WHEELCHAIR

The paper deals with engineering an electric wheelchair from a common wheelchair and the
development of a BCI system (Brain-Computer Interface) between the electric wheelchair and the
human brain. The target populations for the mind controlled wheelchair are the patients who are
paralyzed below the neck and are unable to use conventional wheelchair interfaces. A portable
EEG headset, MCU and firmware signal processing together facilitate the movement of the
wheelchair by processing the user’s brain activity and eye blinks’ frequency. This paper reports the
creation of a cost efficient solution, later intended to be distributed as an add-on conversion kit for
a common manual wheelchair. A Neurosky Mind wave headset is used to pick up EEG signals
from the brain. This is a commercialized version of the Open-EEG Project. The signal obtained
from EEG sensor is processed by the Arduino microcontroller. The microcontroller takes decision
for determining the direction of motion of wheelchair based on the intensity of the brain waves
generated.

INTRODUCTION

Millions of people around the world suffer from mobility impairments . People having mobility
impairments need new devices with sophisticated technologies to help them for comfortable
mobility. Wheelchair users having mobility impairments experience a high level of movement and
functional limitation. Many patients are unable to control the powered wheelchair using
conventional interface and also they are deemed incapable of driving safely .Brain controlled
wheelchair is being developed to provide mobility to the individuals who find it impossible to use
a powered wheelchair due to motor, sensory, perceptual, or cognitive impairments. Advancements
in robotics, senor technology and artifi Dial intelligence promises enormous scope for developing
an advanced wheelchair. Brain computer interface (BCI) are systems that communicate between
human brain and physical devices by translating different patterns of the brain activity into
commands in real time. The electrical activity of the brain is monitored in real time using an array
of electrodes, which are placed on the scalp in a process known as electroencephalography (EEG) .
Traditional EEG sensors are expensive and their use is limited only to hospitals and laboratories.
The electrodes of EEG sensors require conductive gel on skin in order to facilitate reading signals.
The advantage of using a portable EEG brainwave headset is that it uses a dry active sensor
technology to read brain electric activity. Traditional gel based EEGs can take up to 30 minutes to
start acquiring data while the Neuroses headsets are ready to go in seconds. For this reason,
headset based on Neuroses technology is cost-effective and easy to handle. The on board Think
Gear IC processes raw signals, filter the noise and digitizes the signal. The control system design
for the wheelchair using various methods of BCI as well as speech and gesture recognition are
discussed, but the actual implementations are not shown. The multipurpose manual wheelchair is
designed to serve various purpose of the patient as well as elderly people. A wheelchair is designed
which is controlled through Electroculography. The movement of the wheelchair direction is
restricted to particular direction based on horizontal and vertical movements of the eye. But
practically, eye will also have some oblique movements for which the wheelchair is not
satisfactorily responding for the movement in particular direction. The proposed work deals with
the engineering an interface between the human brain and an electric wheelchair using a portable
EEG brainwave headset and firmware signal processing and filtering. The project eliminates the
drawbacks of conventional EEG by using a dry sensor technology to pick up EEG signals instead
of using a conductive gel and reducing the time it takes to setup. This project aims at creating a cost
efficient solution, later intended to be distributed as an add-on conversion unit for a normal
wheelchair. Doing so would be of Nobel importance to „brain-active-body-paralyzed‟ patients
providing them the independence of mobility

LITERATURE REVIEW

[1]UtkarshSinha,
PriyankaSaxena*,
Kanthi
M.et.al.,
(2016)
Mind
ControlledWheelchair:-The paper deals with engineering an electric wheelchair from a common
wheelchair and then developing a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) between the electric wheelchair
and the human brain. A portable EEG headset and firmware signal processing together facilitate
the movement of the wheelchair integrating mind activity and frequency of eye blinks of the
patient sitting on the wheelchair with the help of Micro-controller Unit (MCU). The target
population for the mind controlled wheelchair is the patients who are paralyzed below the neck and
are unable to use conventional wheelchair interfaces. This project aims at creating a cost efficient
solution, later intended to be distributed as an add-on conversion unit for a common manual
wheelchair. A Neurosky mind wave headset is used to pick up EEG signals from the brain. This is
a commercialized version of the Open-EEG Project. The signal obtained from EEG sensor is
processed by the ARM micro controller FRDM KL-25Z, a Free-scale board. The micro-controller
takes decision for determining the direction of motion of wheelchair based on floor detection and
obstacle avoidance sensors mounted on wheelchair‟s footplate. The MCU shows real time
information on a color LCD interfaced to it. Joystick control of the wheelchair is also provided as
an additional interface option that can be chosen from the menu system of the project.
[2]BipashaChakrabarti Banik.et.al., (2017) Design of Mind-controlled Vehicle
(MCV) & Study of EEG Signal for Three Mental States:-Bio-Electronic devices establish
interference between the Human Brain with Computers using bio-signals, which are sensed by a
special type of sensors known as bio-sensors. Study of bio-signals are an emerging area of research
gives special attention to Mind controlled gadgets. This research article presents Mind Controlled
Vehicle (MCV) based on Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology to analyze the brain waves
along with controlling a device as well as analysis of the EEG signals BCIs are interfaced through
the humanoid brain signals along with gadgets by decoding brain activity in real- time action
commands. Mainly this paper presents two fundamental themes of electroencephalography signal
analysis (EEG).One step for a study on different brain states
and the second one is for capturing concentration power, applied to control the vehicle entitled
[3] Raisa Varghese, Saikrishna D, NeethalEphram, Shahas Ahamed.et.al., (2016)
Survey on brain controlled car for disabled using EEG :- Thought is fundamental human
activity, which can be recognized by analyzing brain signals. This chapter considers the
development of EEG-based brain-controlled car, which can serve as powerful aids for physically
disabled people. Since these cars will rely only on what the individual is thinking they will hence
not require any physical movement on the part of the individual. It captures EEG
(electroencephalogram) signals from the driver‟s brain using EEG head set which contains three
electrodes. The instructions for the movement is programmed and stored using Arduino
(ATMEGA 328) and the connection between head set and Arduino is established using
Bluetooth(HC05).The instructions from the brain is displayed on a screen. The output from the
Arduino is connected with driver motor (L293D).The project is focused on scope of BCI in the
transportation filed and also for encouraging disabled people for driving.
[4]P.Naresh, A.V.HariBabu ,M.Sudhakar Reddy, P.Sai .e.al., (2015) Brain Controlled Car
for Disabledusing Artificial Intelligence :- This paper considers the development of a brain
driven car, which would be of great help to the physically disabled people. Since these cars will
rely only on what the individual is thinking they will hence not require any physical movement on
the part of the individual. The car integrates signals from a variety of sensors like video, weather
monitor, anti-collision etc. it also has an automatic navigation system in case of emergency. The
car works on the asynchronous mechanism of artificial intelligence. It‟s a great advance of
technology which will make the disabled, abled. In the 40s and 50s, a number of researchers
explored the connection between neurology, information theory, and cybernetics. Some of them
built machines that used electronic networks to exhibit rudimentary intelligence, such as W. Grey
Walter’s turtles and the Johns Hopkins Beast. Many of these researchers gathered for meetings of
the Teleological Society at Princeton and the Ratio Club in England. Most researchers hope that
their work will eventually be incorporated into a machine with general intelligence (known as
strong AI), combining all the skills above and exceeding human abilities at most or all of them. A
few believe that anthropomorphic features like artificial consciousness or an artificial brain may be
required for such a project.

OBJECTIVES

Millions of people around the world suffer from mobility impairments. People having mobility
impairments need new devices with sophisticated technologies to help them for comfortable
mobility. Wheelchair users having mobility impairments experience a high level of movement and
functional limitation. Many patients are unable to control the powered wheelchair using
conventional interface and also they are deemed incapable of driving safely. Brain controlled
wheelchair is being developed to provide mobility to the individuals who find it impossible to usea
powered wheelchair due to motor, sensory, perceptual, or cognitive impairments.Computers and
information technology has a major influence on the society and the society is becoming more and
more dependent on technology. Going on is an era of simplifying almost all complicated works
using computers. The last few years have witnessed a tremendous increase in the capabilities and
use of computers. Using this powerful influence, we just tried helping the common people in a
small way. Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology is a powerful communication tool between
users and systems. It does not require any external devices or muscle intervention to issue
commands and complete the interaction. The research community has initially developed BCIs
with biomedical applications in mind, leading to the generation of assistive devices

METHODOLOGY

The Mind controlled wheelchair controls the direction and motion of wheelchair based on the
decision taken by the user. The mind wave headset is used in the mind controlled wheelchair to
pick up EEG signals from the brain. Manual wheelchairs are driven with the help of man power as
the source of energy for moving the chair. The manual wheelchairs are driven by the user by using
the rear wheels with additional rims called the “Push Ring” for movement by rotating forward or
backward. In the proposed wheelchair modification of manual wheelchair is done by
mechanically coupling motors to rear wheels thereby making it an electric wheelchair. The active
rear wheels are rotated by motors to the orientationthat matches the current driving direction; the
system employs differential drive. A differential drive uses two motors on either side of the
wheelchair and a castor wheel on the front. When both the Left and Right Motors are forward
biased, the wheelchair moves forward. For turning the wheelchair right, the Right Motor is given
forward bias and the Left Motor is given reverse bias. Forward bias on the Left Motor and reverse
bias on the Right Motor turns the wheelchair left. The duration and hence the degree of turn is
controlled by the mind wave signals from the user. For turning purpose, full excitation is given to
the drives. The level of excitation given to the drives for forward movement is controlled by
heightening the attention and meditation level by of the brain by the user. This way the forward
speed of the wheelchair is controlled.

CONCLUSION
Mind reading and remote communication have their remarkable unique mark in various fields, for
example, educational, self-regulation, production, marketing, security and in addition amusements
and diversion. It makes a common comprehension amongst clients and the encompassing
frameworks. This project highlights the extent of BCI in the transportation field and deals with the
development of brain controlled car, which can be the future of driving and a great help for the
disabled in every manner in the field of transportation. The driver would only need to concentrate
on the thought when you want to actually change the status of your vehicle. For efficient and
secured transportation, an obstacle detection and avoidance mechanism is included. If the
development of the car becomes cost effective manner and more features and functions can be
included then we can witness a revolutionary changes in the society as well as in the transportation
field. On the off chance that it is conceivable to build up an auto in such way that it will hand-off
just as per our considerations we can witness a progressive change in the general public where the
outline between the abler and the impaired vanishes. Along these lines the mix of bioelectronics
with car frameworks is basic to create proficient and cutting edge vehicles, which might be seen
soon helping the crippled in each way in the field of transportation.

THANKS

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